Ivaylo of Bulgaria dating history

Details

Ivaylo, also spelled Ivailo, (Bulgarian: Ивайло), nicknamed Bardokva ("radish" or "lettuce" in Bulgarian) or Lakhanas (Λαχανᾶς, "cabbage") in Greek, was a rebel leader and tsar of Bulgaria. In 1277, he spearheaded a peasant uprising and forced the nobles to accept him as emperor. He reigned as emperor from 1278 to 1279, scoring victories against the Byzantines and the Mongols, but beset by foreign and domestic enemies, which included the Bulgarian nobility, he was forced into exile among the Mongols, where he presented himself as a dethroned vassal. The Mongols then killed him in 1281 as an enemy of the Byzantine emperor Michael VIII Palaeologus. His career as a monarch has been used as an example of early, anti-feudal class warfare by Marxist historians and as translated through folk songs, traditions and legends served as inspiration to Bulgarian guerrilla (hajduk) freedom fighters during the Ottoman period of Bulgarian history.